Importância de estudar o genoma de um cavalo

In the last few years the horse breeding industry is achieving significant progresses producing animals of high commercial value and genetically superior. It was possible, mainly due to the progresses in the area of the animal genetics, which allow identifying, not only anomalies, but also several genes of economical interest. With the aid of the cytogenetics, individuals with alterations in the number or in the structure of the chromosomes can be identified, which in many cases affect mainly the reproduction. Also the genealogy confirmation, previously done by blood type and now by DNA tests, has extremely important role, not just for guaranteeing the origin of the animals. Due to a reliable pedigree, the breeder can identify the origin of genetic problems and can reduce or even eliminate them. With the tools of the molecular biology, today, we can identify individuals that present desirable or undesirable genes, allowing us to select them early, reducing the costs of the producer and increasing the joined value of the animals. Among those genes we can detach the ones that identify carriers or affected animals for undesirable genetic mutations such as: SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease), HYPP (Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis), HERDA (Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia), etc. Also the identification of the genes that determine the coat color or coat pattern can already be made directly or indirectly (through genetic markers), as it is the case of the genes for the coat colors Overo, Tobiano, etc. With the progresses in the study of the equine genoma much more will be available soon, which will certainly bring larger contributions to the world horse breeding industry.

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