Componentes e métodos de SuDS

1. Introduction

Balancing the problems that the constructive advances can provide the environment and the communities that surround them, drainage systems is to contribute to these advances occur more sustainable way possible, generating also a better urban design. Problems to manage the waters of surfaces and flood control and preserve water quality are some of the items inserted and Sustainable Drainage System (SUDS).

So has its technical definition as a result of management practices, control structures and strategies for efficient and sustainable to drain the water surface, and minimize pollution and manage the impact on water quality of local water bodies.

Sustainable drainage is a concept that includes environmental and social factors in long-term drainage decisions. The quantity and quality of runoff and convenience and aesthetic value of surface water in the urban environment are taken into account. Many existing urban drainage systems can cause problems of flooding, pollution or damage to the environment and are not proving to be sustainable in the context of broader challenges of climate change and urbanization.

SuDS are more sustainable than traditional drainage methods because they:

• Manage runoff volumes and flow rates from hard surfaces, reducing the impact of urbanisation on flooding

• Protect or enhance water quality (reducing pollution from runoff)

• Protect natural flow regimes in watercourses

• Are sympathetic to the environment and the needs of the local community

• Provide an attractive habitat for wildlife in urban watercourses

• Provide opportunities for evapotranspiration from vegetation and surface water

• Encourage natural groundwater/aquifer recharge (where appropriate)

• Create better places to live, work and play.

Through of its application, SuDS consequently allow the development in areas of existing sewage systems are close to full capacity in urban areas. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important not only for sins flood control, but also to the water quality management and amenity.

2. SuDS Components and Techniques

2.1. SuDS Principles

There are some key principles that influence the planning and design process enabling SuDS to mimic natural drainage by:

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• storing runoff and releasing it slowly (attenuation)

• allowing water to soak into the ground (infiltration)

• Slowly transporting (conveying) water on the surface

• filtering out pollutants

• allowing sediments to settle out by controlling the flow of the water

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2.2. SuDS Benefits

Nowadays there is a growing clamour that we need a more sustainable approach to the management of surface water. Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) natural drainage processes reproduce natural drainage systems to reduce the effect on the quality and quantity of flow, developing and providing convenience and benefits to biodiversity.

The overall benefits that can be provided through the SuDS are:

• Flood Risk management benefits

• Water Quality management benefits

• Amenity & biodiversity benefits

• Water resources benefits

• Community benefits

• Recreational benefits

• Benefit for developers

2.3. Components

Drainage sustainable includes a variety of components, each with different approaches for management of flows, volumes, water quality and providing convenience and benefits biodiversity.

SUDS are not only traditional soakaways, ponds or wetlands, but rather a set of components that work in different ways that can be used to drain a variety of sites. These components work in different ways: infiltrating (soak) on the ground, passing (flow) in a water course (or, if necessary, a sewer) and it can also provide on-site storage and mitigate (slow down) the water flows. Often, suds use a combination of more than one of these processes and components.

There’s a variety of ways to split and present the components, and there is often some overlap. Most of the components that can be classified as:

• Source control

• Swales & conveyance channels

• Filtration

• Infiltration

• Retention & detention

• Wetlands

• Inlets, outlets & control structures

The SuDS Manual provides detailed information on the design of these components.

1.1.1. Source control

The source control inclusion in SUDS schemes is one of the most important principles of SUDS design. Its components should be upstream of any pond, wetland or other component. Can help provide interception storage that can handle and treat some of the more frequent but smaller, polluting events.

Most source control components will be located within private properties or areas of highways, manage rain near where it falls, not allowing the flow of water it becomes a problem elsewhere. The main type of source control covered include:

• Green Roofs

• Rainwater harvesting

• Permeable paving

• Other permeable surfaces

Its