Verbos

Verbs

Present:

You can observe habits, custom, frequency.

Rules: he, she, it have to use s.

When the word finish in s, sh, ch, x, z, o, you must double the consonant and add es

When the word finish in vogal you just add s, and in consonant you take off the y and add ies.

Present continuous:

When are happing now.

Form: be + verb added ing.

Important: verbs with sensorial perception weren’t use in the present continuous tense, but when you use it you add ing.

Past tense:

When the action occurred and finished in the past.

Form: regular- ended in e you add d; others you add ed and ended in consonant + y you must take off the y and add ied.

Irregular- example: went, felt, broke …

Past continuous tense:

Past continuous (long action) + past tense (small action)

Example: john fell and hurt himself when he was riding his bike.

Present perfect tense: We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Form: have + verb in the past participle.

Example: I have eaten pizza. You have grown since the last time I saw you. I have never been to France. A: Have you ever met him?

B: No, I have not met him. James has not finished his homework yet. Sometimes you can use expressions that means time like so far, up to now…but only mean experience: I have seen that movie six times in the last month.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.

Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Example: I have had a cold for two weeks.

She has been in England for six months.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

• Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE

• That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

Present perfect continuous: when the action started in the past and it doesn’t finish yet.

Have + be in the past participle + verb added ing

Example: he has been studying at elite, since 2011.

1 Duration from the Past Until Now: We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. Examples: They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? James has been teaching at the university since June. We have been waiting here for over two hours! Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days

2 Recently, Lately: You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning. Examples: Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately. Have you been exercising lately? Mary has been feeling a little depressed. Lisa has not been practicing her English. What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question