O MÉTODO CONSTRUTIVO DE VEDAÇÃO VERTICAL INTERNA DE CHAPAS DE GESSO ACARTONADO

Verb + Object + infinitive with “to”:

Allow, ask, advise, want, tell, force…

The director asked the staff to be in the waiting room at 2 pm.

I don’t allow you to use the cell phone.

The new supervisor forced her to wear a uniform.

The teacher told us NOT to use the cell phones in class.

We warned you NOT to lie about that.

Sharon advised me to cut down on sugar.

Verbs of perception:

See, hear, listen, feel, smell, watch, observe…

Gerund (verb-ing) x Infinitive (without “to” + verb)

Part of the action X The entire action

Lisa saw Tonia dress up to go out – entire.

Lisa saw Tonia dressing up to go out – part.

We heard Kevin play the piano – entire.

We heard Kevin playing the piano – part.

I watched my brother do the hw – entire.

I watched my brother doing the hw – part.

Genitive case: ‘ or ‘s.

Leo’s book is here.

Kevin’s toys are all in the box.

Jonas’s car is blue.

The princess’s crown is expensive.

The children’s books are brand new.

Only ‘: 1. plural/ 2. ends in letter “s”

The girls’ cell phones are in their backpack.

P.S. Lucy’s and Gary’s apartment. (each one has an apartment)

Lucy and Gary’s apartment. (the apartment belongs to both)

Relative Pronouns: who, whom, which, that and whose.

Who -  used for people

Ted is the boy who works part-time.

Whom – used for people – formal / with prepositions/ not followed by a verb.

Lucy is a teacher whom all the students like.

To whom were you talking?

(Who were you talking to?)

That – used for people and things

This is the phone that I bought.

Peter is the boy that lives across the street.

Which – used for things/ animals

That was the TV which my cousin decided to buy.

*Whose – used for people and things to substitute a possessive adjective.

I know a French girl. Her dream is to study gastronomy.

I know a French girl whose dream is to study gastronomy.

I have a cell phone whose color is black.

Defining and non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses:

Jeremy, who has just turned 16, never reads the newspaper.

The internet, which is relatively new, may replace the TV.

NDRC: 1. used between commas.

             2. “that” is not used.

             3. Can be omitted without any change in meaning.

Defining relative clauses:

All the teenagers who/that you interviewed yesterday think newspapers are obsolete.

The TV show which/that is broadcast at 10 p.m. will be remodeled.

DRC: 1. Doesn’t have commas.

         2. “that” may be used.

         3. Can’t be omitted because they are essential to identify the subject.

Raise or Rise?

The verbs raise and rise both refer to something going "up". The main difference between them is that raise is transitive (it must have a direct object) and rise is intransitive (no direct object).

• Something raises something –

Ex: Mary raises her voice when she's angry.

       They have raised their prices every year since they were founded.

• Something rises.

Ex: Hot air rises.

       Prices are rising all the time.

We also note that:

• raise is regular: raise, raised, raised
• rise is irregular: rise, rose, risen

Important! There is some confusion over the nouns rise and raise when talking about pay or salary. In British English a (pay) rise is an increase in pay. In American English the word is (pay) raise.

• Did you get a 4% pay rise last year? (BrE)
• My boss said he's giving me a pay raise next month. (AmE)

Order of adverbs:

Verb of movement: drive, run, go, leave, fly…

Other Verb: study, dance, cry, see, eat…

Verb of movement: PLACE + MANNER + TIME