O Trabalho de Inglês

E.E.PROF.DR LAERTE RAMOS DE CARVALHO

Names: Amanda Lemos, Bianca Mendes, Eicka Eufrasio, Giulia Jacomo, Thiago Rodrigues e Sharon Riani

Visual impairment

São Paulo

2019

Summary

Introduction        2

What is Blindness and Vision Loss?        3

Types        3

Causes        3

Risk factors        4

WORK AND EMPLOYMENT FOR VISUAL DISABLED PEOPLE        4

WORK AND INCOME ACCORDING TO 2010 DEMOGRAPHIC CENSUS        6

LABOR MARKET FOR VISUAL DISABLED PEOPLE BY RAIS        7

Special Workday        8

Visually impaired people can read and produce USP library texts        8

Meet the fully blind-operated factory in the United States.        8

Conclusion        11

       Bibliography..............................................................................................12

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Introduction

The present work is about visual impairment. More specifically about visual impairment in the job market. It aims to clarify such doubts about visual impairment in the job Market. The methodology used was the research in several sites, enriched with some interviews.

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What is Blindness and Vision Loss?

Blindness is nothing more than a condition characterized by loss of sight, even with the best correction (any optical feature such as glasses or contact lens). There are several ways to assess the extent of visual loss or blindness.

Blindness can be reversible or irreversible. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that three quarters (75%) of blindness cases worldwide are treatable or preventable. Going to the ophthalmologist regularly is one of the best ways to prevent blindness diseases.

According to data from the Brazilian Society of Ophthalmology, it is estimated that there are 37 million blind people in the world. And 82% of people living with blindness are over 50, according to WHO.

Types

According to WHO, the term “low vision” is used to define people with limited vision in the best eye with the best correction. The term “blindness” is used when the person has very low vision in the best eye with the best correction.

Blindness can be transient when vision loss occurs only for na indefinite period of time, or definitive when the condition becomes permanent and irreversible.

Causes

The main causes of reversible blindness are:

• Cataract
• Corneal Opacity
• Trachoma (formerly known as “wormhole”)
• Retinal detachment (reversible if operated urgently)
• Migraine.

The main causes of irreversible blindness are:

• Advanced Glaucoma
• AMD (Age Related Macular Degeneration)
• Advanced diabetic retinopathy
• Vitamin A deficiency (mainly in children)

Optic neuritis, an inflammation of the optic nerve that carries information from the retina to the brain.

Amblyopia (popularly known as the “lazy eye”).

Stroke, retinitis pigmentosa and tumors are other less common causes of blindness.

Risk factors

There are some risk factors for blindness or vision loss:

• Age
• People with high degrees of myopia
• Premature birth
• Trauma
• Eye or neurological surgery
• People who work with chemicals
• People with diabetes

WORK AND EMPLOYMENT FOR VISUAL DISABLED PEOPLE

In Brazil, there are visually impaired people who are lawyers, economists, physiotherapists, teachers and sociologists. That is, there is a very diverse range of jobs that can be performed by a blind or low vision individual. And, if performed in na environment appropriate to their needs, the work of this group of workers can achieve high rates of productivity.

Nevertheless, visually impaired people have lower employability rates and higher unemployment rates than non-disabled people. And this low rate of inclusion in the labor market is one of the causes of poverty in this segment of society. Moreover, when visually impaired people have a job, their wages are generally lower than those of other non-disabled workers.

Many consider continuing benefits to be a disincentive for individuals with disabilities to seek a job and return to the job market. The explanation for this is that these benefits guarantee these people the minimum necessary for their subsistence and provide a sense of economic and financial security. Therefore, the elimination of this type of income by engaging in a low-paid work activity and / or which does not ensure periodic income is neither a seductive nor a reliable alternative. In this sense, the benefit of continued provision has become a mechanism of stagnation and exclusion.

In na attempt to correct these problems or lessen their impact on labor force participation rates and encourage employers to employ them, Brazil has formed a grand legislative framework around the issue by creating its own laws. And incorporating various international treaties into its legal system. Most of these statutes are designed to curb discrimination on the grounds of disability. And some establish more peculiar measures, such as quota systems for filling jobs in private companies and public administration positions.

Thus, it is understood that in the absence of such quotas, employers would avoid hiring individuals with special needs for discriminatory reasons, due to the fallacy related to the decrease in company productivity and even the expenses with the adaptation of the work environment to their needs. Workers. In fact, the current Brazilian quota system is the subject of much controversy. On the one hand, many employers refuse to admit disabled workers because they prefer to pay fines if they are fined for non-compliance with the law. On the other hand, associations that defend the rights of this segment of society believe that reserving a percentage of vacancies detracts from the ability of people with disabilities to work, thus becoming another instrument for spreading stigma. Therefore, quotas cannot be assumed to be sufficient to compensate for structural weaknesses in the labor market.