Explain In Your Own Words A Brief History Of The Style And How They Have Influenced Modern Design Trends.

SGA417 DESIGN AND CULTURE

Certificate IV in Graphic Design

Name: Diogo Fonseca Nunes

Student Number: 2083972

Facilitator: Ms. C Stephens

04/04/2012

1 - Choose three (3) of the design styles listed below and explain in your own words a brief history of the style and how they have influenced modern design trends.

• - Constructivism

Constructivism was an artistic movement that took shape in Russia (or Soviet Union) at the time when this country was undergoing a radical revolutionary process (Bolshevik Revolution).

Russian artists mainly influenced by Italian Futurism of Marinetti led to the ultimate consequences of the abolition of art as autonomous attitude "pure." Leaving aside what they considered a bourgeois heritage, have implemented a productive art, more in line with the aims of the revolution.

Constructivism put the social function of art as a real political issue and sought to overcome the rules of the ancient art of looking for solutions corresponding to technical and scientific advance, by Creating structures in space. Art should be at the service of the revolution, making things for people's lives, not only for luxury of the rich people.

The Russian artist would be a researcher, an engineer, a builder, a technician, that should turn your work in art and his art work. For him there were no major arts and minor arts. This artist aspired to dissolution of art in a society completely renewed, in which the artistic value in itself would be exhausted because it would be everywhere.

Painting and sculpture were not representations, but constructions. Both must use the same materials and technical procedures of architecture and engineering, such as iron, steel, glass, wood, cement, etc. The materials should always be those in the field of industrial production, and not the traditional art.

The use of strong geometric graphics and synthetic, present mainly in propaganda posters, does not arise from an impulse or merely decorative style, but essentially the goal of reaching a population illiterate or semi-literate in order to identify it with the new world promised by the company which would be swept exploitation of man by man. To critics who said that this new art was too elitist and abstract, constructivists responded that the people were ready to understand the mechanics because this new aesthetic was already part of their daily lives.

In the modern design the influence of the Russian art movement can be visualized in the advertisements, propagandas.

In modern design the influence of Russian art movement can be seen in many kinds of media and advertising, which make use of typography as part of advertising, use of different materials and ways to interact with the reader, the artist creates a sensory and mental game determining a dialogue. Another large and important legacy of constructivism is the use and modification of photographic images, in the production of advertisements, posters and books.

In architecture, interior design and industrial design, constructivism bequeathed the use of different materials, leftovers from factories or those considered less attractive.

In advertising the said information without pollution so lean and objectively with the use of blanks, geometricism, contrasts and typographical techniques are part of the advertisements for better understanding and they are direct influenced by Russian movement.

In this poster by Rodchenko the woman is crying out “Books!” encouraging the viewer to expand their horizons by reading. A photographic image of an everyday person was much easier to relate to than a red triangle, but Rodchenko was not trying to inspire a new form of interpreting art like Lissitzky.

All Russian artists during the revolution approached art and propaganda like Lissitzky. Alexander Rodchenko believed new forms of art could be a new form of language, where objects would become friends with humans, and humans would form emotions with the objects. He sought to create more comforting, relatable images than those of Lissitzky’s circle, squares, and triangles.

Beat The Whites With The Red Wedge, El Lissitzky, 1919

1.2 – Cubism

Started by Pablo Picasso in 1907 with the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avilon, Cubism would only have this name years later, when in fact it would be recognized as style. The dissatisfaction of the painter in relation to linear and formal perfection of his paintings in his pink phase, made hin introduce this new concept of reality, rejecting traditional techniques of perspective, shape, texture, color and space. This different way of representing the world has been widely discussed, even as "the art of painting cubes" in Parisian cafes, accompanied by champagne and wine, for many artists such as Raoul Dufy, Georges Braque, André Derarn and Picasso, as well as journalists, photographers, poets and writers.

Under strong influence black African and especially Cézanne ("Nature Should be handled with the cylinder, sphere and cone"), cubism is characterized by being semi abstract, schematic, partly geometric and often two dimensional. Elements such as newsprint and magazines were used in works painted or drawn, by gluing.

Cubism had its own power and prominence, little depending on other influences. Braque also held, along with Picasso, role in the development and solidification of Cubism. Le Corbusier is an example of the influence of cubist architecture, once observed the houses he designed in the 20s. In Brazil, the father of this style is Antonio Gomide, which after living with Picasso, Braque and Andre Lhaote in Europe, opened the Cubist art in his homeland. Other major Brazilian representatives are Malfati Anita, who participated in the Week of Modern Art in 1920, Vicente do Rego Monteiro and Candido Portinari.

Cubism was a unique artistic event, which greatly contributed to progress in the field of visual communication. Having as predecessor to Art Nouveau and influenced later styles, and even simultaneous like Futurism, which even affected by the advent of the 1st war planted its roots, Dadaism, the art mad and angry, surrealism, constructivism and other movements Russians, Art Deco, which resumed the elaborate decoration of Art Nouveau, the Bauhaus school, Doesberg of De