MARIA APARECIDA

Aristóteles nasceu em Estagira, uma colônia grega. Seu pai Nicomacus, era um médico da corte do rei Amyntas da Macedonia, e a partir daí teve início uma longa associação de Arisóteles com a corte da Macedonia, que acabou por influenciar sobremaneiramente sua vida.

Anda enquanto criança, seu pai faleceu. Quando tinha 17 anos, seu tutor, Proxenus, o mandou para Atenas, o centro intelectual do mundo, para completar os seus estudos. Ele ingressou na Academia e foi aluno de Platão, recebendo suas aulas por um período de 20 anos. Nos anos posteriores de sua formação, Aristóteles, passou a lecionar por conta própria, especialmente o tema retórica.

Com a morte de Platão em 347AC, as grades habilidades de Aristóteles pareciam indicar que ele se tornaria o sucessor de Platão na Academia. Mas a sua divergência com relação a pedagogia adotada pelo seu mestre era tamanha que acabou por inviabilizar esse acontecimento.As principais idéias trabalhadas por Aristóteles foram: As Formas não apresentam existencia independente e extra-mental, mas elas existem nas coisas.

A substância material, que é o potencial para a existência das coisas finitas, devem ser distintas da privação ou do não-ser.

A substância das coisas é a união da forma com a matéria.

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Aristotle

First published Thu Sep 25, 2008

Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: Aristotle's works shaped centuries of philosophy from Late Antiquity through the Renaissance, and even today continue to be studied with keen, non-antiquarian interest. A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive.[1] His extant writings span a wide range of disciplines, from logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, through ethics, political theory, aesthetics and rhetoric, and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology, where he excelled at detailed plant and animal observation and taxonomy. In all these areas, Aristotle's theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, sparked debate, and generally stimulated the sustained interest of an abiding readership.

Because of its wide range and its remoteness in time, Aristotle's philosophy defies easy encapsulation. The long history of interpretation and appropriation of Aristotelian texts and themes—spanning over two millennia and comprising philosophers working within a variety of religious and secular traditions—has rendered even basic points of interpretation controversial. The set of entries on Aristotle in this site addresses this situation by proceeding in three tiers. First, the present, general entry offers a brief account of Aristotle's life and characterizes his central philosophical commitments, highlighting his most distinctive methods and most influential achievements.[2] Second are General Topics which offer detailed introductions to the main areas of Aristotle's philosophical activity. Finally, there follow Special Topics which investigate in greater detail more narrowly focused issues, especially those of central concern in recent Aristotelian scholarship.

• 1. Aristotle's Life

• 2. The Aristotelian Corpus: Character and Primary Divisions

• 3. Phainomena and the Endoxic Method

• 4. Logic, Science, and Dialectic

o 4.1 Logic

o 4.2 Science

o 4.3 Dialectic

• 5. Essentialism and Homonymy

• 6. Category Theory

• 7. The Four Causal Account of Explanatory Adequacy

• 8. Hylomorphism

• 9. Aristotelian Teleology

• 10. Substance

• 11. Living Beings

• 12. Happiness and Political Association

• 13. Rhetoric and the Arts

• 14. Aristotle's Legacy

• Bibliography of General Works

o A. Translations

o B. Translations with Commentaries

o C. General Works

o D. Bibliography of Works Cited

• Other Internet Resources

• Related Entries

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1. Aristotle's Life

Born in 384 B.C.E. in the Macedonian region of northeastern Greece in the small city of Stagira (whence the moniker ‘the Stagirite’), Aristotle was sent to Athens at about the age of seventeen to study in Plato's Academy, then a pre-eminent place of learning in the Greek world. Once in Athens, Aristotle remained associated with the Academy until Plato's death in 347, at which time he left for Assos, in Asia Minor, on the northwest coast of present-day Turkey. There he continued the philosophical activity he had begun in the Academy, but in all likelihood also began to expand his researches into marine biology. He remained at Assos for approximately three years, when, evidently upon the death of his host Hermeias, a friend and former Academic who had been the ruler of Assos, Aristotle moved to the nearby coastal island of Lesbos. There he continued his philosophical and empirical researches for an additional two years, working in conjunction with Theophrastus, a native of Lesbos who was also reported in antiquity to have been associated with Plato's Academy. While in Lesbos, Aristotle married Pythias, the niece of Hermeias, with whom he had a daughter, also named Pythias.

In 343, upon the request of Philip, the king of Macedon, Aristotle left Lesbos for Pella, the Macedonian capital, in order to tutor the king's thirteen-year-old son, Alexander—the boy who was eventually to become Alexander the Great. Although speculation concerning Aristotle's influence upon the developing Alexander has proven irresistible to historians, in fact little concrete is known about their interaction. On the