INFORMAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS E FINANCEIRAS POLUIÇÃO

ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND FISCAL

POLLUTION

Gheorghe Neamtiu

University “Aurel Vlaicu” of Arad

Accounting is not an exact science; it has many

common points with social sciences. The subjective

judgments are also part of the accounting level.

Taking into consideration the fact the judgment

plays a very important role in accounting; the information

that results bears an approximate aspect.

The social-economic reality of each country

determines a priority hierarchy among users. Accounting

information addresses more and more external users but the

place of internal users as administrators or managers is not

to be neglected.

Within market economies, one can notice that

accounting dualism has gained ground. Financial

accounting is destined to third parties, and management

accounting concerns the management’s informational needs.

External users are various: shareholders, fund

lenders, public power, employees, unions, associations of

employers, clients, suppliers, the public at large, consumer

groups.

The increase of privileged users determines a

contribution of new elements and new extensions

concerning the theoretical framework of accounting. Quite

often one may find that published accounting information is

frail from the point of view of the relevance characteristic,

and that is because this information has a subjective

character that results from the individual’s expression of

views at the level of methods and practices of accrual

accounting.

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Accounting documents do not provide raw

information, but information that has already been subject

to processing or retreatment. Their meaning depends on the

use and interpretation of accounting principles. There are

certain limits due to the fact that rules and principles cannot

foresee everything, at the same time there being some

maneuver margins left for the company with a view to

accounting of certain operations or certain economic

phenomena. We cannot assert the existence of an

accounting truth. Accounting information can be judged as

sufficient at the moment when it complies with the norms.

Yet, compliance with the norm is not an easy concept to

define.

Accounting norms contain a certain number of

precise rules for which the compliance of the company’s

practice can be facilitated concerning its representation,

there being a last reference, which is the true image. The

concept of true image, of British origin, subjects accounting

principles to some rational and intelligent judgments,

tolerating derogation in order to better serve the users of

financial statements for the improvement of decision quality

that mostly depends on information quality. For a credible

information it would be ideal if there was a sole accounting

language worldwide.

Ever since its beginnings accounting has been in a

close connection with fiscality. Nowadays the accounting

langue is widely influenced by fiscal norms. From this point

of view we can approach the issue of the relation between

accounting and fiscality from the point of view of two

trends: