Winter Olympics - Sochi 2014

Place, date and another ingormations

The 2014 Winter Olympics took place in the city of Sochi (Russia) between 7 and 23 February 2014. Officially Called the XXII Olympic Winter Games, the event featured 98 sports 15 sports. Participants included 86 countries, including Brazil. It was organized by the IOC (International Olympic Committee).

Arrangements

In all 15 sports were played:

- Biathlon

- Bobsleigh

- Nordic Combined

- Alpine Skiing

- Cross-Country Skiing

- Freestyle Skiing

- Curling

- Ice Hockey

- Luge

- Figure Skating

- Figure Skating

- Ski Jumping

- Skeleton

- Snowboard

Biathlon

The biathlon combines the strength and aggressiveness of cross-country skiing with precision target shooting and calm . The sport has its origins in survival skills practiced in snow covered forests of Scandinavia , which its inhabitants hunted on skis with rifles slung over their shoulders .

First competition

Sports like biathlon been known since the beginning of the eighteenth century in Scandinavia . The first modern biathlon probably occurred in 1912 , when the Norwegian Army organized the " Forvarsrennet " in Oslo. The event , at the time , was annual and consisted of a race cross-country skiing 17 km, with a two-minute penalty for each shot did not hit the stage shooting competition .

Olympic history

Attempts to introduce a multi - event winter similar to the modern pentathlon began in 1948 , when the biathlon participated in the program of the Games of St. Moritz as a demonstration sport . The sport made its Olympic debut in 1960 in Squaw Valley . Biathlon The female made its debut in the Olympics in 1992 as a full medal sport in Albertville .

Bobsled

Bobsleigh is a winter sport invented by the Swiss in the late 1860s , where the team races against time in an icy slope narrow and winding in a sleigh driven by gravity.

The sport began in the late nineteenth century, when the Swiss put two sledges skeleton together and added a steering mechanism to create a toboggan . A chassis was included to give protection to heavier tourists , and the first bobsleigh club was founded in St Moritz , Switzerland, in 1897 .

Forward and backward

In its original form , racing sleds used skeleton made of wood . However , they were soon replaced by steel sleds that became known as " bobsleighs " because of the way the crew shaking ( bob , English) sled ( sled in English) for forward and backward , to gain speed . Currently, the major teams train all year for ski artificial ice and use high-tech sleds made of fiberglass and steel .

Olympic history

In 1924 , a proof of bobsled four people ( four -men ) happened in the first Winter Olympics in Chamorix . A test of two people (two -men ) was added in Games Lake Placid 1932 in a format that remained until the present. The first women's bobsled race - the blobsled two people - took place in the Olympic Games in Salt Lake City 2002 .

Nordic Combined

The Nordic combined mix show jumping with cross-country skiing . Its origin dates from the nineteenth century , Norway, where skis were needed for games and harvest firewood in the winter time .

Holmenkollen Ski Festival

The Nordic combined was headlining the Holmenkollen Ski Festival which started in 1892. Festival became popular and soon began to attract skiers from Sweden and other neighboring countries .

Nordic area

Nordic Combined competitions dating from the first edition of the Olympic Winter Games Chamorix 1924. Initially , the sport was dominated by the Norwegians , followed by Finns. The Scandinavian hegemony was broken only in the 60s , when the West German German Georg Thoma won the gold medal in Squaw Valley in 1960 .

Alpine Skiing

The birth of modern Alpine skiing is dated from the 1850s , when the Norwegian Sondre Norheim legend popularized skis with curved sides and the Telemark and Christiania ( slalom ) laps .

Olympic growth

Both downhill skiing for men and women debuted in the Olympic program in 1936 , in Garmisch - Partenkirchen . The only event that year was a combined downhill and slalom competition. Four years later the giant slalom was added and in 1988 the super giant slalom became the fourth separate event .

Brazilian Championship

Even not having snow on its territory, Brazil organizes national ski competitions for the athletes . The first two national championships of alpine skiing were conducted in 1986 and 1987 in Termas de Chillán , Chile . Since 1988 , the event is now organized in Las Lenas , Argentina. The following year , the Brazilian championship was included in the calendar of the International Ski Federation , and with it gained official status in international event

Cross-Country Skiing

The cross-country skiing is the oldest type of skiing . He was born of the need to travel completely snow covered and developed as a sport in the late nineteenth century land .

Nordic origins

For centuries , skis were needed for games and harvesting of firewood during the winter season in the Northern Hemisphere . With large distances entres small and isolated communities , skiing has also become an important means of maintaining social contact in long and heavy Nordic winter. " Ski " is a Norwegian word derived from the word " skid " , an ancient language , and means a long piece of wood .

First competition

The Norwegian army soldiers skied for sports ( and awards ) in the eighteenth century. The sports skiing appeared in Norway in the mid- nineteenth century ; the first race date of 1942. 's famous Holmenkollen Ski Festival began in 1892 , focusing initially