Exercícios de gramática

3) Passe para o plural os substantivos abaixo. (1,0 ponto)

centre - CENTRES

ditch - DITCHES

county - COUNTRIES

phase - PHASES

theory - THEORIES

4) Determine se as palavras abaixo são cognatas (C), falsas cognatas (F) ou se não são nem cognatas nem falsas cognatas (N). Inscreva a letra correspondente a cada categoria dentro dos parênteses ou ao lado das palavras. (1,0 ponto)

a) ( N ) stone

b) ( F ) bone

c) ( C ) Neolithic

d) ( C ) evidence

e) ( F ) actually

1) Leia com atenção o texto abaixo e, posteriormente, responda às perguntas a ele referentes:

YOGURT

Yogurt or yoghurt is a dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as "yogurt cultures". Fermentation of lactose by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which will act on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and its characteristic tang.

Worldwide, cow's milk is most commonly used to make yogurt, but milk from water buffalo, goats, sheep, horses, camels, and yaks is also used in various parts of the world.

Dairy yogurt is produced using a culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus bacteria. In addition, other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are also sometimes added during or after culturing yogurt.

The milk is first heated to about 80 °C (176 °F) to kill any undesirable bacteria and to denature the milk proteins so that they set together rather than form curds. The milk is then cooled to about 45 °C (112 °F). The bacteria culture is added, and the temperature is maintained for 4 to 7 hours to allow fermentation. After that, yougurt would be ready for consumption.

How milk was first cultured into yogurt remains a mystery. Actually, analyses of the L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus genome indicated that the bacteria may have originated on the surface of a plant. Maybe milk became spontaneously and unintentionally infected through contact with plants, or perhaps bacteria were transferred via the udder of domestic milk-producing animals.

ADAPTADO DE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt Ilustração obtida de: http://hardbodyguru.com/?p=113

1. Usando a estratégia skimming, escreva com suas próprias palavras o assunto (a idéia geral) do texto. Redija sua resposta em português, de forma resumida, tendo em mente que o texto final não deverá ser uma tradução, e observando a norma culta da língua portuguesa. Você pode optar pela norma culta de acordo com o novo acordo ortográfico ou então a norma culta anterior a ele, mas não deverá mesclar as duas formas. Finalmente, atente para o fato de que, apesar de o próprio título já nos dizer de forma ampla do que trata o texto, sua resposta deverá ir além do título do texto. A título de orientação quantitativa (extensão textual da resposta), esta pergunta pode ser satisfatoriamente respondida em mais ou menos