Coiso Das Cenas

PRIMEIRA PARTE

PERSONAJES

STANLEY JEVONS

• Stanley Jevons among Menger and Walras marked the opening of a new period in the history of economic thought.
• Jevons’ contribution to the marginal revolution in economics made him one of the most influence and logicians of the time

CARL MENGER

• An Austrian economist
• In 1871, he published Principles of Economics
• He contributed to the development of the theory of marginalism, which rejected the cost-of-production theories of value, which were developed by the classical economists.

LEON WALRAS

• He formulated the marginal theory of value and pioneered the development of general equilibrium theory.
• He worked independently form Jevons and Merger in the marginal theory.

CONCEPTOS

MARGINAL UTILITY

It is the additional satisfaction a consumer gains/loses from consuming one more unit of a good or service. Positive marginal utility is when the consumption of an addition item increases the total utility, while negative marginal utility if when the consumption of an addition item decreases the total utility.

EFFECTIVE DEMAND

It is the representation of the actual amount of goods that buyers are purchasing. This is different from the simple demand because we have to take in consideration that there are people that lack the funds or don’t know about that product.

CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

It is a term made by Schumpeter which represents the situation when something new kills something older. He states that the process of creative destruction is the essential fact about capitalism

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SEGUNDA PARTE

1. ¿En qué consiste la idea del valor para los marginalistas?

Marginalists had a different opinion regarding the theory of value. Marginalists believe that the use value is derived from the marginal utility – that is, the additional increment in the consumer’s satisfaction by consuming one more unit of a good – that consumers find in goods and services.  

        They also believe that exchange value is determined by the marginal opportunity.  

1. ¿Por qué Keynes critica la teoría del empleo de los marginalistas? ¿Qué propone a cambio?

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/keynes-criticisms-against-classical-theory/24859/ 

1. ¿Qué son los ciclos económicos para Schumpeter?

In The Theory of Economic Development, Schumpeter says that business cycles are cycles that occur through time which, excluding any innovations and innovative activities, lead to a stationary state in the long run.  In his model, he suggested 4 main cycles

1. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre ciencia, técnica y ética para Walras? ¿Por qué esa diferenciación es importante para el autor?

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TERCERA PARTE

1. TEORÍA DEL VALOR: Marginalistas VS Clásicos

1. CICLOS Y CRISIS ECONOMICAS: Keynes VS Schumpeter